Zakat on Banknotes in Fiqh Syᾱfi’ῑyah Perspective

Organic electronics on banknotes.

Organic transistors and circuits are fabricated directly on the surface of banknotes. The transistors operate with voltages of 3 V and have a field-effect mobility of about 0.2 cm2 V−1s−1. For an array of 100 transistors a yield of 92% is obtained.

Background on Banknotes

Forensic authentication of banknotes on mobile phones

Relatively cheap and high quality consumer scanners and printers have enabled the rise of the casual money counterfeiter. One who passes along home-made fake bills of low denomination in busy environments where the receiver is not likely to authenticate a bill. While this may be negligible on macro-economic scale, it does hurt consumers. In this paper we investigate several methods to identify ...

Banknotes and Economic Growth

Modern paper currency contributes little to productive investment. This shortcoming is not inherent to paper money. It stems from the fact that currency today is monopolistically supplied by public monetary authorities that are poor intermediaries. Commercial banknotes, in contrast, support efficient intermediation. The holding of private banknotes promotes economic growth just as the holding o...

Immigration and large banknotes ∗

Do immigrants have a higher demand for large denominated banknotes than natives? This micro study examines whether cash orders for CHF 1,000 notes, a banknote most likely used for storage purposes, is concentrated in Swiss municipalities with a high foreign-to-native ratio. Controlling for a range of regional indicators across 251 Swiss municipalities, European immigrants in Switzerland are fou...